The objective of scaling and root planing is to remove etiologic agents BELOW the gum line which cause inflammation to the gingival (gum) tissue and surrounding bone. Common etiologic agents removed by this conventional periodontal therapy include dental plaque and tartar (calculus). These non-surgical procedures completely cleanse the periodontium (supporting tissues of the teeth below the gum line) and work very effectively for individuals suffering from gingivitis (mild gum inflammation) and moderate/severe periodontal disease. Scaling and root planing can be used as a preventative measure, as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with surgical treatment.